{"id":2004,"date":"2026-11-09T11:33:22","date_gmt":"2026-11-09T10:33:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/peregrinus.hu\/kalvaria-selmecbanya\/"},"modified":"2026-11-09T11:33:26","modified_gmt":"2026-11-09T10:33:26","slug":"calvarul-banska-stiavnica","status":"publish","type":"cpt_services","link":"https:\/\/peregrinus.hu\/ro\/kalvaria-selmecbanya\/","title":{"rendered":"Calvarul \u2013 Bansk\u00e1 \u0160tiavnica (Selmecb\u00e1nya)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Calvarul din Bansk\u00e1 \u0160tiavnica (Selmecb\u00e1nya) este considerat cel mai important calvar baroc al Ungariei istorice: un ansamblu de trei biserici, capele \u0219i sta\u021bii ale C\u0103ii Crucii pe un v\u00e2rf vulcanic. Construit la mijlocul secolului al XVIII-lea, face ast\u0103zi parte din situl Bansk\u00e1 \u0160tiavnica din patrimoniul mondial UNESCO.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ansamblul a fost ridicat la ini\u021biativa p\u0103rintelui iezuit Ferenc (Franti\u0161ek) Perger. Consiliul or\u0103\u0219enesc a sprijinit planul la 13 martie 1744, iar dup\u0103 aprobarea arhiepiscopului de Esztergom Imre Esterh\u00e1zy, piatra de temelie a Bisericii de Sus a fost binecuv\u00e2ntat\u0103 de s\u0103rb\u0103toarea \u00cen\u0103l\u021b\u0103rii Sfintei Cruci, la 14 septembrie 1744. Construc\u021bia a fost finan\u021bat\u0103 din dona\u021biile or\u0103\u0219enilor, ale func\u021bionarilor minieri \u0219i ale nobililor, iar minerii de r\u00e2nd au contribuit cu munca lor; stemele donatorilor de seam\u0103 \u2013 \u00eentre care \u00eemp\u0103ratul Francisc I, so\u021bul Mariei Tereza \u2013 se v\u0103d pe fa\u021badele capelelor. \u00centregul ansamblu a fost terminat \u00een mai pu\u021bin de \u0219apte ani \u0219i sfin\u021bit solemn la 14 septembrie 1751.<\/p>\n

Urc\u00e2nd pe versantul vestic al dealului Scharffenberg (\u00een slovac\u0103 Ostr\u00fd vrch), se succed Biserica de Jos, odinioar\u0103 biserica slovacilor (Biserica Cinei celei de Tain\u0103), capelele sta\u021biilor, Biserica de Mijloc, care ad\u0103poste\u0219te Scara Sf\u00e2nt\u0103, iar pe v\u00e2rf Biserica de Sus, cu dou\u0103 turnuri, odinioar\u0103 biserica germanilor, \u00eenchinat\u0103 Sfintei Cruci, cu Capela Sf\u00e2ntului Morm\u00e2nt \u00een spatele ei. Slujbele se \u021bineau odinioar\u0103 \u00een maghiar\u0103, german\u0103 \u0219i slovac\u0103, iar inscrip\u021biile sunt \u0219i ast\u0103zi trilingve. Pelerinii maghiari urcau \u00een genunchi, ca act de poc\u0103in\u021b\u0103, cele 34 de trepte ale Sc\u0103rii Sfinte.<\/p>\n

\"Pictura<\/p>\n

Reliefurile din lemn ale capelelor sunt atribuite atelierului lui Dionysius Stanetti din Kremnica, iar picturile Bisericii de Sus \u00eei apar\u021bin lui Anton Schmidt, n\u0103scut la Viena \u0219i stabilit la Bansk\u00e1 \u0160tiavnica. Avariat \u00een al Doilea R\u0103zboi Mondial \u0219i na\u021bionalizat \u00een 1951, Calvarul a c\u0103zut dup\u0103 1989 victim\u0103 furturilor \u0219i vandalismului, iar \u00een 2007 a fost inclus pe lista celor mai amenin\u021bate 100 de monumente din lume. Din 2008 este restaurat sub conducerea asocia\u021biei Kalv\u00e1rsky fond (Fondul Calvarului): Biserica de Jos a fost renovat\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 2013, iar Biserica de Sus p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een octombrie 2018.<\/p>\n

Hram:<\/strong> pelerinajul la Calvar este legat \u00een mod tradi\u021bional de s\u0103rb\u0103toarea \u00cen\u0103l\u021b\u0103rii Sfintei Cruci (14 septembrie); potrivit etnografului G\u00e1bor Barna, cea mai mare procesiune urc\u0103 dealul \u00een duminica (sau s\u00e2mb\u0103ta) de dup\u0103 s\u0103rb\u0103toare.<\/p>\n

Vizitare:<\/strong> Dealul Calvarului se \u00eenal\u021b\u0103 la est de centrul vechi din Bansk\u00e1 \u0160tiavnica; ansamblul poate fi vizitat liber tot anul, iar la poalele dealului func\u021bioneaz\u0103 un centru de informare. Capelele sunt de obicei \u00eenchise, dar se poate privi \u00een\u0103untru prin u\u0219ile cu gratii. De pe v\u00e2rf se deschide o priveli\u0219te asupra \u00eentregului ora\u0219 \u0219i a Mun\u021bilor \u0160tiavnica.<\/p>\n

Surse: Depozitarul valorilor maghiare din Slovacia<\/a> \u00b7 Wikipedia (englez\u0103)<\/a> \u00b7 Wikipedia (slovac\u0103)<\/a><\/p>\n

Foto: Palickap \/ Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 4.0<\/a> \u00b7 Foto: Palickap \/ Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 4.0<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cel mai important calvar baroc al Ungariei istorice: trei biserici, capele \u0219i sta\u021bii ale C\u0103ii Crucii pe un v\u00e2rf vulcanic, odinioar\u0103 loc de pelerinaj pentru maghiari, germani \u0219i slovaci.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":990007,"featured_media":2002,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","class_list":["post-2004","cpt_services","type-cpt_services","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","cpt_services_group-felvidek"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nK\u00e1lv\u00e1ria \u2013 Selmecb\u00e1nya - Peregrinus<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A selmecb\u00e1nyai K\u00e1lv\u00e1ria: Perger Ferenc jezsuita barokk egy\u00fcttese (1744\u20131751), h\u00e1rom templom, a Szent L\u00e9pcs\u0151, a fel\u00faj\u00edt\u00e1s, b\u00facs\u00fa \u00e9s l\u00e1togat\u00e1s.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/peregrinus.hu\/ro\/calvarul-banska-stiavnica\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"K\u00e1lv\u00e1ria \u2013 Selmecb\u00e1nya - 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